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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and weight loss
In Ulcerative colitis (UC), damaged/inflamed Enterocytes / Intestinal Epithelial Cells (IECs secrete the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1 (IL-1) / Interleukin-1 family, IL-18, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). That activate DCs and macrophages to produce additional pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn induce the differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into CD4+ Th2 cells and CD4+ Th9 Cells that mediate Type 2 immune response (Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Interleukin-5 (IL-5), Interleukin-13 (IL-13) or impair epithelial membrane barrier, respectively.
Ulcerative colitis occurs in people with a genetic predisposition after environmental exposure; defects in the intestinal epithelial barrier, the microbiota, and a dysregulated immune response are strongly implicated.
The disease is initially caused by defects in the epithelial barrier of the intestine, as evident from its early onset. Under an intact mucosal layer, few luminal antigens can enter the lamina propria. However, when the mucosal layer is damaged, more luminal antigens enter the lamina propria, allowing the invasion of more immune cells. The inflammatory cascade is exacerbated by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly by immune responses of CD4+ Th2 Cells
The exact etiology and pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) remain unclear.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease and presents with varying extraintestinal manifestations. It is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the colonic mucosa. Typical symptoms of Ulcerative colitis (UC) flares include abdominal pain , hematochezia , tenesmus, and loose stools
Diagnosing ulcerative colitis (UC) involves looking at symptoms, inflammation, and results from scopes and tissue samples. Endoscopy is very good at checking inflammation in UC. C-reactive protein excels over fecal biomarkers in assessing colon-wide active inflammation in ulcerative colitis.
Extraintestinal manifestations may also present, including Ocular pathologies, arthropathies, liver disease such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, and dermatological manifestations
Ulcerative colitis (UC) used to be associated with a chronic Th2 immunity
However, after discovering the involvement of IL-23 and Th17 cells in autoimmune inflammation of the nervous system, further mouse studies revealed prominent participation of these cells during intestinal inflammation in CD and Ulcerative colitis (UC)
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is described as a non-transmural inflammatory disorder of the colon extending from the rectum to the proximal colon
Remission of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) by Agents as Steroids and Salazosulfapyridine, but Exacerbations Are Frequent
Ulcerative colitis (UC ) is a non-specific colorectal erosive inflammatory condition, characterized by inflammation of the mucosa , erosion and ulceration
Intestinal bacteria have been also implicated in the development and/or exacerbation of ulcerative colitis
see also:
Gut microbiota & Ulcerative colitis (UC)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Corticosteroids & Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
Sulfasalazine & Ulcerative Colitis (UC)