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The study of cancer at the cellular level has led to the development of targeted therapies, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) based immunotherapy. Despite these advancements, many patients remain unresponsive to these treatments, and acquired resistance is a common issue.
The cancer environment plays a crucial role in controlling the manifestation of the cancerous cell phenotype. Helper T (Th) cells are essential in orchestrating immune defense responses that target both cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment.
Recent studies have highlighted the importance of different types of Helper T cells in cancer therapy: