Germ-free Mice (GF Mice) / Germ-free Animal

Concerning Germ-free Mice (GF Mice) / Germ-free Animal, Germ-free mice are functionally immature in the immune, endocrine, exocrine, respiratory and digestive systems
Smith et al. 2007 Semin. Immunol. 19: 59-69

Mostly mice, born and reared in sterile environments from which no microbiota can be cultured

Germ-free (GF) mice are an important model system for understanding the impact of gut microbes on development and function of the nervous system
Warner et al. 2019a

Germ-free animals are animals kept in isolators in the absence of living microorganisms
Grigg & Sonnenberg 2017
Lagkouvardos et al. 2017 Gut Microbes 8(5): 493-503

However, the sterile state in itself is not fatal
Roy & Trinchieri 2017
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