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Gut microbiota / Evidence-based microbiome knowledge (incl. AI chat)
Prebiotics, Probiotics, FMT / Manipulators of the Intestinal Microbiota

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Human Beta Defensin 2 (HBD2)

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The lesser known HBD2 has only been used as biomarker for IBD and IBS in scientific research settings
Gacesa et al. 2021 Gut Microbes 13(1): e1943288)

HBD2 is a human anti-microbial peptide produced by intestinal epithelial cells in response to bacteria and inflammatory cytokines.
Gacesa et al. 2021 Gut Microbes 13(1): e1943288

Reduced levels of HBD2 have been reported in IBD patients compared to healthy controls, whereas elevated levels of HBD2 have been reported in patients with IBS
[Langhorst et al. 2009 Am J Gastroenterol. 104(2): 404-410](brain://lKRZFuI9W0uhQEp5rI4Rzw/LanghorstEtAl2009AmJGastroenterol104…

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A combination of fecal calprotectin and human beta-defensin 2 facilitates diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease
Gacesa et al. 2021 Gut Microbes 13(1): e1943288
A novel biomarker panel for irritable bowel syndrome and the application in the general population
Mujagic et al. 2016 Sci Rep. 6: 1-10
Elevated human beta-defensin-2 levels indicate an activation of the innate immune system in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Langhorst et al. 2009 Am J Gastroenterol. 104(2): 404-410
Expression and regulation of the human beta-defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2 in intestinal epithelium
O’Neil et al., 1999 J Immunol. 163(12): 6718–24
Flagellin Induces Beta-Defensin 2 in Human Colonic Ex vivo Infection with Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
Lewis et al. 2016

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Human Beta Defensin 2 (HBD2)

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