Human Beta Defensin 2 (HBD2)

The lesser known HBD2 has only been used as biomarker for IBD and IBS in scientific research settings
Gacesa et al. 2021 Gut Microbes 13(1): e1943288)

HBD2 is a human anti-microbial peptide produced by intestinal epithelial cells in response to bacteria and inflammatory cytokines.
Gacesa et al. 2021 Gut Microbes 13(1): e1943288

Reduced levels of HBD2 have been reported in IBD patients compared to healthy controls, whereas elevated levels of HBD2 have been reported in patients with IBS
Langhorst et al. 2009 Am J Gastroenterol. 104(2): 404-410;
Mujagic et al. 2016 Sci Rep. 6: 1-10

Expression of hBD-2 mRNA is up-regulated by IL-1 and enteroinvasive bacteria.
O’Neil et al. 1999