Beta-diversity

Beta diversity calculates the difference in taxonomic abundance profiles between different microbial environments
Sarangi et al. 2019 J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol. 9: 62–73

Beta-diversity Analysis Revealed that Gut Microbiota Composition Was Different between Adult (3–6 Months) and Aged (22–25 Months) Mice Fed a Normal Chow Diet
Matt et al. 2018 Front Immunol. 9: 1832

There Is Great Diversity in the Microbial Composition between Individuals (Beta-diversity)
Kim et al. 2017 Immunol Rev. 279(1): 90-105

A Very Important Aspect of Prokaryotic Life Is Diversity and Plasticity of the Ecosystem at the Strain Level
Schloissnig et al. 2013 Nature 493(7430): 45-50
Rozov et al. 2016 Bioinformatics 33(4): 475-482

Beta-diversity (between-sample) is defined as the difference in species composition (number of taxa) of two groups of specimens (e.g., those from patients with those from ill patients vs. healthy individuals) and measures the number of species that differ between the two groups
Lozupone et al. 2012 Nature 489 (7415): 220-230

Beta-diversity calculates the difference in taxonomic abundance profiles between different microbial environments (Sarangi et al. 2019 J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol. 9: 62–73) and can be seen by as a (dis)similarity score (Morgan & Huttenhower 2012 PLoS Comput. Biol. 8: e1002808)

The beta-diversity between two individuals is high; only 33% of bacterial species are the same between two individuals
Schloissnig et al. 2013 Nature 493(7430): 45-50

High levels of inter-personal variability in bacterial lineages present
Turnbaugh et al. 2007 Nature 449: 804-810