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These are a specific class of tumor antigens that arise from new (hence "neo") mutations in the tumor’s DNA. These mutations can result from genomic alterations, abnormal RNA splicing, or post-translational modifications, and they produce peptides that are unique to the tumor and absent from normal cells.
Because they are truly "non-self," the immune system is not tolerant to them, making them highly immunogenic and attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy
Xie et …