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Gut microbiota / Evidence-based microbiome knowledge (incl. AI chat)
Prebiotics, Probiotics, FMT / Manipulators of the Intestinal Microbiota

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Serum Amyloid A (SAA)

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Contents

There are four isoforms of serum amyloid A (SAA), 1 constitutive SAA (SAA4) and 3 acute phase SAAs (in response to inflammatory stimuli) SAA1, SAA2, SAA3 (IM)
Atarashi et al. 2015 Cell 163(2): 367–80

SAA1 and SAA2 are highly homologous (IM)
Sano et al. 2015 Cell 163: 381–393

SAA induction requires SFB adhesion to ECs.
Atarashi et al. 2015 Cell 163(2): 367–80

SAAs may exert their effects through multiple mechanisms. (IM)
Atarashi et al. 2015 Cell 163(2): 367–80

SAAs produced by this mechanism likely condition neighboring CD11c + myeloid cells to produce IL-1β and probably other factors that act with IL-6 and TGF-β to enhance Th17 cell differentiation.
A…

References (Sources)

An IL-23R/IL-22 circuit regulates epithelial serum amyloid A to promote local eﬀector Th17 responses.
Sano et al. 2015 Cell 163: 381–393
Deciphering interactions between the gut microbiota and the immune system via microbial cultivation and minimal microbiomes
Clavel et al. 2017
Microbiota-induced IL-1β, but not IL-6, is critical for the development of steady-state TH17 cells in the intestine
Shaw et al. 2012 J Exp Med 209(2): 251–8.
Serum amyloid A delivers retinol to intestinal myeloid cells to promote adaptive immunity
Bang et al. 2021 Science 373: 1323
Serum amyloid A is a retinol binding protein that transports retinol during bacterial infection
Derebe et al. 2014 eLife 3: e03206
Serum amyloid A proteins induce pathogenic Th17 cells and promote inflammatory disease.
Lee et al. 2020 Cell 183: 2036-2039
Th17 cell induction by adhesion of microbes to intestinal epithelial cells
Atarashi et al. 2015 Cell 163(2): 367–80

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Serum amyloid A - Wikipedia