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Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) impairs the intestinal barrier, leading to the translocation of gut commensals to distal tissues, including the bone marrow (BM), and inducing a pro-inflammatory state in the host.
This translocation of microbiota induced epigenetic changes and promoted trained immunity (TI) in Bone marrow progenitors (BMPs). Among the bacteria identified in the BM, Enterococcus faecalis was found to activate immune cells in a Mincle-dependent manner. In line with this, Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (MINCLE / CLEC4E) deficient mice exhibited reduced TI-related inflammation and pathology when exposed to E. faecalis or treated with Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)
Our findings highlight Mincle's role in sensing gut microbiota translocation, including E. faecalis and potentially other species such as Staphylococcus aureus. This sensing acts as an inducer of TI, which can subsequently amplify the inflammatory response, resulting in either protective or detrimental effects.
see also:
Enterococcus faecalis & Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Extraintestinal Manifestations