In Danish children, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the first year of life show a clear bimodal distribution (two clusters), which is determined by the composition of the gut microbiome, especially E. coli.
Proteobacteria contribute the most abundant and unique ARGs in the infant gut
Environmental exposures influence the distributions of ARGs and bacterial communities in the infant gut
ARG clusters and ARG loads are linked with gut microbiome maturity and asthma-associated bacterial profiles
Antibiotic resistance genes were annotated using the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD)
Antibiotic resistance genes are enriched in Klebsiella, Escherichia, Citrobacter and Enterobacter, which are opportunistic pathogens frequently isolated in clinical samples