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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles released by most eukaryotic cells. They are present in various human and animal body fluids. The discovery of EVs dates back to the work of Pan and Johnstone, who identified them during platelet differentiation (1). Initially, EVs were thought to function primarily in cellular waste removal. However, subsequent research revealed that they contain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, indicating a potential role in antigen presentation (2, 3, 4).
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny, lipid-bound carriers. They are released by many [eukaryot…