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Gut microbiota / Evidence-based microbiome knowledge (incl. AI chat)
Prebiotics, Probiotics, FMT / Manipulators of the Intestinal Microbiota

AuthorsReferences (Sources)

AuthorsReferences (Sources)

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Probiotics (living agents) & Depressive Disorders / Mood

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Contents

There is some clinical evidence that live probiotics can improve depressive symptoms or negative mood, but the evidence is still heterogeneous and not strong enough to treat them as a stand-alone, established therapy for depressive disorders. The clearest signal appears in people who already have depression, especially when probiotics are used as an adjunct to standard treatment rather than as a replacement.
Hill et al. 2014 Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 11: 506-514
Oliveira e Silva et al. 2021 Research, Society and Development 10(9): e54510918359
Nikolova et al. 2023 JAMA Psychiatry 80(8): 842-847

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses

According to a meta-analysis of 19 double-blind, ra…

References (Sources)

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of a probiotic in emotional symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome
Rao et al. 2009 Gut Pathog. 1(1): 6
Beneficial psychological effects of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in healthy human volunteers
Messaoudi et al. 2011 Gut Microbes 2(4): 256-261
Psychobiome Feeding Mind: Polyphenolics in Depression and Anxiety
Matarazzo et al. 2018 Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 18: 2108-2115
The Correlation Between Probiotics and Anxiety and Depression Levels in Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Ye et al. 2022b Front. Psychiatry 13: 830081
The effect of probiotics on depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails
Oliveira e Silva et al. 2021 Research, Society and Development 10(9): e54510918359
Meta-Analysis
The Efﬁcacy, Safety, and tolerability of probiotics on depression: Clinical results from an open-label pilot study
Wallace & Milev 2021 Front. Psychiatry 2021 12
The International Scientiﬁc Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic
Hill et al. 2014 Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 11: 506-514

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5/25/2026

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