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In clinical studies, Probiotics (living agents) demonstrated a greater potential than prebiotics or postbiotics in reducing symptoms of depression in patients.
However, clinical trial results are slightly disappointing
Probiotics are effective in reducing depressive symptoms when administered in addition to antidepressants (SMD = 0.83, 95%CI 0.49–1.17), however, they do not seem to offer significant benefits when used as stand-alone treatment (SMD = −0.02, 95%CI −0.34–0.30).
Nikolova et al. 2021 J. Clin. Med.10: 6…