Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) & Bladder cancer

In the cpntext of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) & Bladder cancer, since 2016, the progressive use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) starting from second-line treatment has led to an improvement in overall survival in locally advanced and metastatic Bladder cancer. Clinical trials are underway testing the role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) since the first stages of the disease, alone or in combination with standard therapies. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved for the treatment of advanced urothelial cancer of the bladder, mainly as a second-line therapy.
El Gharib et al. 2021 Immunotherapy 13: 1105-1111
Piombino et al. 2023 Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy…