Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter

Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter and Lactobacillus are the two most essential probiotics in the human intestine , serving to maintain a healthy intestinal environment and regulate immune function
Zhang et al. 2021j

The genus Bifidobacterium inhabits the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. It can be stably colonized in the human intestine.
Yao et al. 2021 Journal of Immunology Research 2021: Article ID 8030297

The genus includes species of psychobiotic bacteria
Sharma et al. 2021d Current Microbiology 78: 449–463

LPS -suppressing bacteria (species that decrease the numbers of LPS-producing bacteria) are Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter
Fu et al. 2021 Mediators of Inflammation doi.org/10.1155/2021/8879227

Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter increase the integrity of the mucosal barrier through the SCFAs they produce
Rohr et al. 2020

Bifidobacterium / Bifidobactercan be separated from various animals, including the intestines of babies and the long-lived elderly
Turroni et al. 2019 Microorganisms 7(11): 544

Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter has Immune tolerance to the human body and will not cause rejection
Zhang et al. 2019 Journal of Functional Foods 53: 157-165

The impact of Vitamin A or beta carotenes has positive inductive correlation across all the Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter
King et al. 2019

In preterm vs term infants a reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter (3% vs 15%) was observed
Chernikova et al. 2018 Pediatr Res. 84: 71-79

Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter is inversely associated with Constipation , Crohn's disease (CD) , Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Belizário & Faintuch 2018 In: Silvestre, R., Torrado, E. (eds) Metabolic Interaction in Infection. Experientia Supplementum 109 Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74932-7_13

The SCFA butyrate is produced by select Commensal Bacteria / Commensalism such as Bifidobacterium that promote the generation of Treg cells
Lambrecht & Hammad 2017 Nat. Immunol. 18: 1076-1083

It is one of the first microorganisms to colonize the host gut
O'Callaghan & van Sinderen 2016 Frontiers in Microbiology 7:

It has more than 50 different species, of which Bifidobacterium longum is one of the most abundant microorganisms in the intestines of infants and adults
Rousseaux et al. 2005 Journal of Experimental Medicine 201(8): 1205-1215
Wang et al. 2016g Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 5: CD000544

The numbers of bifidobacteria decrease significantly throughout life:

• Up to 90% of the total colon microbiota in vaginally delivered, breast-fed infants


• Less than 5% in the colon of adults


• Further decrease in the elderly and in patients with certain disorders such as:
  - Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
  - Inflammatory bowel disease
  - Irritable bowel syndrome
  - Obesity
  - Allergies
  - Regressive autism

References:
Riviere et al. 2016 Front. Microbiol. 7: 979

Several functions have been attributed to Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter, encompassing degradation of non-digestible carbohydrates , protection against pathogens , production of vitamin B , antioxidants , and conjugated linoleic acids , and stimulation of the immune system
Riviere et al. 2016 Front. Microbiol. 7: 979

The presence of metabolites including oligosaccharides in mother’s milk (HMO) promote the expansion of defined constituents of the microbiota such as Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter
Marcobal et al. 2010
Marcobal & Sonnenburg 2012 Clinical microbiology and infection 18(Suppl 4): 12–15

Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter blocks colonization of pathogenic E. coli through acidification of its environment
Fukuda et al. 2011 Nature 469: 543-547

Bifidobacterium spp. can protect from enteropathogenic infection through production of acetate
Fukuda et al. 2011 Nature 469: 543-547

Consumption of specific bifidobacteria is associated with antimicrobial activity against pathogens
Fukuda et al. 2011 Nature 469: 543-547

Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter was first isolated by Henry Tissier (of the Pasteur Institute) from a breastfed infant, and he named the bacterium Bacillus bifidus communis
Guarner et al. 2011 J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 46: 468–481

Tissier claimed that Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter would displace the proteolytic bacteria that caused diarrhea and recommended the administration of bifidobacteria to infants suffering from this symptom
Guarner et al. 2011 J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 46: 468–481

A reduction in obesity e.g., by the RYBG surgery also reduces the occurrence of the genus Bifidobacterium
Furet et al. 2010 Diabetes 59: 3049–3057

The genus Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter belongs to the core OTUs (>47% of healthy humans) in the healthy human gut and has the potential for health-promoting functions
Salminen et al. 1998
Tap et al. 2009 Environ Microbiol 11: 2574-2584

Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter spp. counteracts pathogen colonization by competing for adhesion sites and secreting those antibacterial peptides
Candela et al. 2008 Int J Food Microbiol 125: 286–292

Bifidobacterium is common in infants' gut flora. It can be used as a probiotic. It shows benefits in various diseases, including allergies. Its role in immunity is not well known. Studies highlight the importance of early gut colonization. Bifidobacteria may play a key role in this.
Ménard et al. 2008

Bifidobacteria bind to M cells present in the epithelium over the Peyer's Patches (PPs) and subsequently to be engulfed by DCs
Macpherson & Harris, 2004

Bifidobacterium spp . express enzymes that catabolize plant-derived and host-derived carbohydrates , which enables them to synthesize antimicrobial agents such as organic acids and peptides
Schell 2002 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 99: 14422–14427

Particularly in breastfed infants delivered vaginally , the genus Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter dominates in their gut microbiota
Harmsen et al. 2000 J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 30: 61-67

Stimulated bifidobacteria inhibit Clostridium perfringens and pathogenic E. coli , Salmonella , Listeria , Shigella
Grizard & Barthomeuf 1999 Reprod Nutr Dev 39: 563-588

Stimulated bifidobacteria improve glucid, lipid metabolism and the bioavailability of essential minerals
Grizard & Barthomeuf 1999 Reprod Nutr Dev 39: 563-588

The Gram-positive (rods), anaerobic, non-motile, and non-sporing genus Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter belongs to the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) although phylogenetically unrelated
Simon & Gorbach 1984 Gastroenterology 86: 174–93
Adams & Marteau 1995 International Journal of Food Microbiology 27: 263-264
Salminen et al. 1998

The bacteria are primarily bacteria with saccharolytic enzymes that metabolize sugar, starch, cellulose and produce acetate, lactate, and also formate, ethanol
Macfarlane et al. 1995 In Gastrointestinal and Oesophageal Pathology, 2nd ed., pp. 249-274 [R Whitehead, editor]. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone

Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter spp. are active against Gram-positive and -negative organisms
Gibson & Wang 1994 J. Appl. Bacteriol. 77: 412–420

see also:
Acetate-producing bacteria
Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter & Good Guys (certain beneficial bacteria)
Bifidobacterium / Bifidobacter & Immune responses
Defending & Pathogens / Pathobionts / Pathogenic Bacteria
Development of Gut Microbiota & Neonates / Infant