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A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. Biofilms are complex structures that protect bacteria from harsh environments, including antibiotics and immune responses. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is an important part of the biofilm matrix. Extracellular DNA could be a universal PAMP that helps the immune system recognize biofilms
In extreme environments, bacteria can form a biofilm to enhance their survival. The bacterial biofilm may serve as a bioshield for …