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Escherichia coli (E. coli) K-12 is rifampicin-resistant
Escherichia coli (E. coli) K-12 belongs to the dopamine-producing strains
Enzyme systems similar to those of animals are probably involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of monoamine neuromodulators in bacterial cells.
The culture fluid of E. coli contains micromolar concentrations of DOPA and nanomolar concentrations of serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline during the late growth phase. These concentrations are sufficient for binding to mammalian receptors