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Large-scale computational efforts have begun to map thousands of human microbiome genes and their predicted proteins (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). These annotated proteins play roles in microbial communities, such as housekeeping, communication, adaptation, and defense. Additionally, specific microbial compounds like antimicrobial peptides, antibiotics, and certain proteins or lipids have been identified, some of which influence host biology in both preclinical and clinical settings (6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15).
The Number of Microbial Genes Is at Least 100 Times Higher than that of Human Genes (16). 3.3 Million Non-redundant [Microbial Genes](brain://DToUc5jASkOEZrA5uSA0jA…