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Bifidobacterium tends to dominate the gut microbiota of breast-fed infants and may persist even as the diet transitions from milk-based to more diversified foods (). Breastfeeding is associated with reduced bacterial diversity, increased levels of Bifidobacterium, and a gradual development of the gut microbiota (; ).
These bacteria digest human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and produce metabolites that support the immune system and help reduce inflammation (Henrick et al. 2021…