Central Nervous System (CNS) & Neuroimmune Interactions

The nervous and immune systems work together to maintain body homeostasis by responding to environmental cues (1, 2). Previously considered immune-privileged, the brain is now known to host both innate and adaptive immune responses (3). Key points include:

• Microglia: Act as primary innate surveillance in the brain (4).


• Immune Cells at Brain Borders: reside at brain’s borders, including the meningeal layers, the choroid plexus, the perivascular spaces, the bloodbrain barrier (BBB), and the dural lymphatic system. These cells regulate immune cell trafficking to the brain (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11).


• Skull Bone Marrow: Supplies immune cells to the brain and dura (12, 13)


• Antigen Transport: Soluble antigens and immune cells from the brain are transported to lymph nodes, where they activate T …