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Postmenopause is a continuous phase characterized by a deficiency in estrogen that occurs after the end of reproductive years. This deficiency leads to a gradual imbalance in the body's microbial systems, resulting in dysfunction across multiple systems. During this stage, there is a significant increase in the risk of developing conditions such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome, and genitourinary disorders. These health issues together can significantly diminish one's quality of life.
Fitzpatrick 1999 Mayo Clin Proc …