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Indole-3-pyruvate induces the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in human dendritic cells, which suppresses inflammatory responses and limits the maturation of these cells. This results in a reduced capacity to differentiate adaptive CD4+ T cells, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases
Indole-3-pyruvate has demonstrated protective effects against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage in skin cells. It reduces cytotoxicity and inflammation in keratinocytes exposed to UVB radiation and inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes like Interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta (IL-1F2), [interleukin-6 (IL-6)](…