Circadian Clock / Circadian rhythm

The biological nuclear clock consists of a positive arm in which BMAL1 and CLOCK heterodimer induces expression of the negative arm, consisting of PER and CRY, which then provide feedback on the inhibition of BMAL1/CLOCK. In addition, BMAL1/CLOCK activates Rev-Erb-alpha/beta and ROR-alpha/gamma, which have opposing roles in the regulation of BMAL1, with Rev-Erb-alpha/beta inhibiting the expression of BMAL1 and ROR-alpha/gamma stimulating expression. Furthermore, the PER and CRY degradation rate, mediated by CK1-delta/epsilon and FBXL3, creates the circadian 24-hour period. Finally, the transcriptional regulation of clock-controlled genes (CCGs) by the nuclear clock establishes a circadian rhythm in various cell functions
Martchenko et al. 2021 Endocrinology 161(12): bqaa167. doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa167

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