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Gut microbiota / Evidence-based microbiome knowledge (incl. AI chat)
Prebiotics, Probiotics, FMT / Manipulators of the Intestinal Microbiota

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems

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Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are diverse bicistronic elements found in the genomes of temperate archaea, bacteria, and bacteriophages
Gerdes & Wagner 2007 Current Opinion in Microbiology 10(2): 117-24
Fozo et al. 2010 Nucleic Acids Research 38(11): 3743-59
Jurenas et al. 2022 Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 20: 335-350

Their role is in antiphage defense systems
Song & Wood 2020 Front. Microbiol. 11: 1895
LeRoux & Laub 2022 Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 76: 21-43
Kelly et al. 2023 Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 73: 102293

These systems are composed of two main components: a stable toxin that can inhibit cell growth or metabolism, and a labile antitoxin that counteracts the toxin's effects under normal conditions
Ramisetty 2020 Front Microbiol. 11: 895
Li et al. 2023m Toxins (Basel) 15(2): 164

Based on the type of antitoxin (protein o…

References (Sources)

A Primary Physiological Role of Toxin/ Antitoxin Systems Is Phage Inhibition
Song & Wood 2020 Front. Microbiol. 11: 1895
Review
Abundance of type I toxin-antitoxin systems in bacteria: searches for new candidates and discovery of novel families
Fozo et al. 2010 Nucleic Acids Research 38(11): 3743-59
Regulation of Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems: The Translation-Responsive Model
Ramisetty 2020 Front Microbiol. 11: 895
RNA antitoxins
Gerdes & Wagner 2007 Current Opinion in Microbiology 10(2): 117-24
Toxin-antitoxin systems as mediators of phage defence and the implications for abortive infection
Kelly et al. 2023 Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 73: 102293
Toxin-Antitoxin Systems as Phage Defense Elements
LeRoux & Laub 2022 Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 76: 21-43
Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Li et al. 2023m Toxins (Basel) 15(2): 164
Review

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Toxin-antitoxin system - Wikipedia

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