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Pregnancy and the first 1000 days of life are considered to be the most essential and critical periods in terms of developing NCDs due to the high plasticity of the metabolic, immunological, and cognitive functions towards environmental factors
The notion that lifestyle plays an important role in NCD development came from the formulation in 1989 of the “Hygiene hypothesis”, which related the increased incidence of immune-related diseases with an use of antibiotics and consumption of sterilized foods
In high-income countries, the leading causes of death are non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as adiposity / obesity, cancer and cardiovascular disease