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Bacterial spores are able to resist heat, desiccation, irradiation, organic solvents, and antibiotics and can remain metabolically inactive for decades.
Nevertheless, an encounter with nutrients triggers exit from dormancy and resumption of growth within minutes.
Broadly conserved receptors embedded in the spore membrane detect nutrients, but how spores transduce these signals remains unclear.
Germinant receptors act as nutrient-gated ion channels such that ion release initiates exit from dormancy.
Representative cladogram of the main human intestinal mic…