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As we get older, the makeup and role of certain immune cells in our intestines, called mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs), change. More monocytes, which are a type of white blood cell from the blood, are drawn to the intestines. These monocytes then turn into different types of MNPs, which reduces the number of the original MNPs that were already there. Aging also changes how these intestinal MNPs work, making them more likely to cause inflammation.
These changes lead to mild inflammation often seen in older people. They also affect how MNPs react to signals from inside the body, like those from friendly bacteria, and…