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M2 polarization refers to the alternative activation state of macrophages, which is characterized by anti-inflammatory and tissue-repairing functions in contrast to the pro-inflammatory M1 state. M2 macrophages play crucial roles in resolving inflammation, promoting tissue remodeling, supporting angiogenesis, and suppressing immune responses, and are implicated in pathologies such as cancer, fibrosis, and persistent infections.
see also:
M1 polarization