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Cyclomodulins

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Cyclomodulins are toxins produced by bacteria that can affect the eukaryotic cell cycle, leading to DNA damage, genome instability, and interference with cancer-related pathways.

Among E. coli virulence factors, several toxins, called cyclomodulins, are attracting growing attention because they are genotoxic and/or modulate cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and proliferation.
Collins et al. 2011 Lancet Oncol 12: 504-512