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Bile Formation or Bile Flow Is Impaired = Cholestasis, occuring in many liver diseases.
The causes of cholestasis are diverse, ranging from congenital disabilities, genetic and autoimmune diseases, pregnancy, ischemia, and toxic injuries to mechanical obstruction caused by gallstones or tumor compression
During cholestasis bile acids accumulated in the liver, causing oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury in hepatocytes
Cholestasis's standard histopathologic features include hepatocellular damage, fibrosis, and sterile inflammation, leading to cirrhosis in chronic stages
Pathologically elevated levels of bile acids during cholestasis are not high enough to cause hepatocellular cell death, so other cell types must be involved