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Biosynthesis & Propanoate Metabolism / Propionate / Propionic acid

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Using lactate and Deoxyhexose / Hexose sugars as precursors, Propionate / Propionic acid can be synthesized through the acrylate pathway and the propanediol pathway, respectively
Koh et al. 2016 Cell 165: 1332

Propionate is abundantly synthesized by Bacteroidetes and Negativicutes, utilizing Succinate / Succinic acid
Reichardt et al. 2014 ISME J. 8: 1323