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Medical Research Finder

Gut microbiota / Evidence-based microbiome knowledge (incl. AI chat)
Prebiotics, Probiotics, FMT / Manipulators of the Intestinal Microbiota

AuthorsReferences (Sources)

CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3 high Treg (peripherally induced) & Retinoic Acid (RA) (all-trans-retinoic acid)

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When combined with Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), Retinoic Acid (RA) (all-trans-retinoic acid) significantly increases the conversion of Naive CD4+ T Cells to CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3 high Treg (peripherally induced)
Benson et al. 2007 J Exp Med. 2…

All-trans retinoic acid mediates enhanced T reg cell growth, differentiation, and gut homing in the face of high levels of co-stimulation
Benson et al. 2007 J Exp Med. 204(8): 1765-74
Characterization of protective human CD4CD25 FOXP3 regulatory T cells generated with IL-2, TGF-β and retinoic acid
Lu et al. 2010 PLoS One 5(12): e15150
Reciprocal Th17 and Treg differentiation mediated by retinoic acid
Mucida et al. 2007 Science 317: 256–60
Retinoic acid increases Foxp3 + Treg and inhibits development of Th17 cells by enhancing TGF-β-driven Smad3 signaling and inhibiting IL-6 and IL-23 receptor expression
Xiao et al. 2008 J. Immunol 181: 2277–84
The effects of all-trans retinoic acid on immune cells and its formulation design for vaccines
Hao et al. 2021a AAPS J. 23(2): 32
Review

5/29/2026