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Medical Research Finder

Gut microbiota / Evidence-based microbiome knowledge (incl. AI chat)
Prebiotics, Probiotics, FMT / Manipulators of the Intestinal Microbiota

AuthorsReferences (Sources)

Enterocytes / Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) & Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2)

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Enterocytes / Intestinal Epithelial Cells (IECs) have Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR-2), Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3), TLR-4, TLR-5, and TLR-9 receptors as well as in their endosomes Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) and TLR-9
Abreu et al. 2002 J. Biol. Chem. 277: 20431–20437
Rhee et al. 2005 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 13610-13615
Bogunovic et al. 2007 Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 292: G1770–G1783
Pardo-Camac…

Enteroendocrine cells express functional Toll-like receptors
Bogunovic et al. 2007 Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 292: G1770–G1783
Epithelial immunity: priming defensive responses in the intestinal mucosa
Pardo-Camacho et al. 2018 Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 314: G247-G255
Review
Pathophysiological role of TLR-5 engagement by bacterial ﬂagellin in colonic inﬂammation
Rhee et al. 2005 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 13610-13615
TLR4 and MD-2 Expression Is Regulated by Immune-mediated Signals in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Abreu et al. 2002 J. Biol. Chem. 277: 20431–20437

5/29/2026