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Chronic or excessive tissue repair can cause fibrosis, which can lead to organ failure and death. Proper regulation of CD4+ Th2 cells is crucial and ensures tissue repair without fibrosis. Pathogenic Th2 (Tpath2) cells have been identified. They produce large amounts of Th2 cytokines. Tpath2 cells induce type 2 inflammation. Their role in tissue repair and fibrosis is less known.
Inflammation-induced upregulation of IFN-gamma activates a cascade of immunomodulators that coordinate tissue repair.
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