Enteric nervous system (ENS) & Gut microbiota

Each microorganism can exert a different effect on the Enteric nervous system (ENS), including phenotypical neuronal changes or the induction of chemical transmitters that interact with ENS neurons.

Depletion of microbiota beget reductions in myenteric nerve fiber density, alterations in neurochemical coding, decreased excitability in intrinsic primary afferent neurons, defective EGC networks, changes in neurogenic colonic migrating motor complexes and protracted intestinal transit time, and these effects can be restored following recolonization of adult germ-free mice with conventional microbiota. The microbiota regulates the balance of glial cells within the gut lamina propria.
McVey Neufeld et al. 2013 Neurogastroenterol Motil 25(2): 183-e88
Kabouridis et al. 2015 Neuron 85(2): 289-295
Hyland & Cryan 2016 Dev Biol 417(2): 182-187
Ge et al. 2017 J. Transl. Med. 15: 13
De Vadder et al. 2018 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115(25): 6458-6463
Vincent et al. 2018 Am J Physiol-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol 315(5): G896-G907
Obata et al. 2020 Nature 578: 284-289

see also:
Dysbiosis & Enteric nervous system (ENS)
Gut microbiota & Interactions