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PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) are immunogenic molecular motifs that are conserved across a wide range of pathogens. These motifs are notably absent from the host, which makes them distinct and recognizable. PAMPs are also frequently referred to as Microbial associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). When a host recognizes these PAMPs, it triggers a defensive response known as PAMP-triggered immunity, or PTI (1)
PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) can activate APC which migrate to the mesenteric lymph nodes to stimulate T and B cells. APC activate CD4 T cells to differentiate into Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) and CD4+ Th17 cells, that can migrate back to the gut or enter Bloodstream / Circulatory system](brain://i9-iM1oIpEOeGPIjY5Oqkg/SystemicCirculation) and influence immunity in different sites. APC may also stimulate CD8 T cells into effector cells that migrate from the gut to periphery.
The sensing of PAMPS and Alarmins / Damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs) trigger the activation of the MAPK pathways, NFKB Signal transduction / NFKB Signal transduction pathway, and/or IFN Signal transduction, which collectively drive the expression of various mediators of inflammation (2).
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