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Pathobionts / Pathogens

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During pathogenic encounters, tissue homeostasis is disrupted, leading to the infiltration of various immune cells within inflammatory foci. The dynamic interactions between host immune cells and Pathobionts / Pathogens are predominant at infection sites due to the rapid production of a vast array of metabolic derivatives, organic acids, and byproducts within immune cells.
Chauhan et al. 2018

Organic acids produced through microbial growth or fermentation perform several functions:


  • Acetate contributes to inflammation.

  • Succinate induces [Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alfa (HIF1A, HIF-1 alfa)](brain://aeTZKLhl90uOfwfED0JRRA/HypoxiainducibleFactor1AlfaHi…