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TLR-2, TLR-4, and TLR-9 have the most prominent roles.
Dysbiosis contributes to signaling from epithelial Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which can lead to leaky gut and further TLR signaling with subsequent cytokine secretion and activation of immune cells, leading to TLR-associated dysbiosis.
Burgueño & Abreu 2020 Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 17: 2…