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Surprisingly, Commensal Bacteria / Commensalism can produce and secrete hormones. The interaction between microbes and hormones can affect host metabolism, immunity, and behavior. This interplay is bidirectional, as the microbiota has been shown to both influence and affect host hormones.
Estriol and estradiol, which are human sex hormones, reduce bacterial virulence by inhibiting [quorum sensing (QS)](brain://tv17y1zhb0W--3TskT3E1g/BacterialSensingQuorumSensingQsSyste…