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A large number of commensal bacteria interact with the host's adaptive immune system. They induce microbe-specific T cells and antibodies. This interaction can benefit both host and microbe. It protects the epithelial barrier and offers bacteria a safe haven. However, it can also cause intestinal inflammation.
Two hypotheses have been proposed about this interaction: the presence of PRRs in host cells to recognize MAMPs and [Alarmins / Damage-associated m…