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The first step of the interaction between the gut microbiota and host cells is mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which sense microorganisms through conserved molecular structures. Once the microbial signatures are recognized by the host, usually a transcriptional response (e.g., NFKB) follows, which determines the outcome of this interaction and is critical for maintaining the balance between homeostasis and inflammation .
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), upon sensing of microbial components ([PAMPs](brain://QWH-KdOc8E…