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Disturbances in homeostasis between bacterial and host signals affect the epithelial level. This leads to a break in intestinal barrier function. It may cause bacterial translocation and increased intestinal permeability (1). Dysbiosis is believed to increase intestinal permeability, too (2). Alterations contribute through excess pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as [Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-alfa)](brain://roB44vrlq0CAuRxhHTN9XQ/TumorNec…