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Cell-released vesicles with membranous structures, collectively referred to as EVs are widely reported to be involved in cell-cell communication [1] by their secretion and uptake
Yan & Jiang 2020 Trends in Cancer 06: 506
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are another weapon gut bacteria use to induce intestinal and extra-intestinal effects (41).
Schlechte et al. 2022 Mucosal Immunology doi.org/10.1038/s41385-022-00539-2
Depending on which bacteria the EVs originate from, they promote pro- (EVs from pathogenic bacteria) or anti-inflammatory (EVS from commensal bacteria) responses (41).
Schlechte et al. 2022 Mucosal Immunology doi.org/10.1038/s41385-022-00539-2
Extraintestinally, EVs may prime neutrophils for inflammatory responses elicited by secondary stimuli (43).
Schlechte …