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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny, lipid-bound carriers. They are released by many eukaryotic cells.
Cell-released vesicles with membranous structures, collectively referred to as EVs are widely reported to be involved in cell-cell communication by their secretion and uptake
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are another weapon gut bacteria use to induce intestinal and extra-intestinal effects. Depending on which bacteria the EVs originate from, they promote pro- (EVs from pathogenic bacteria) or anti-inflammatory (EVS from commensal bacteria) responses
Extraintestinally, EVs may prime neutroph…