Loading…
Adoptive cell immunotherapy is a technique that boosts the body's immune system to fight cancer by using a unique method. It involves genetically modifying a patient's own immune T cells. This innovative approach was first developed in the late 1980s by an immunologist who worked on genetically reprogramming T cells, which are now referred to as CAR T cells.
This therapy is currently used to treat certain types of blood cancers, and research is ongoing to explore its potential for treating solid tumors
The CAR T cells are customized for each individual patient and are made by collecting the patient's T cells, genetically altering them in the laboratory to express Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), and then infusing the modified T cells back into the patient.
The infused CAR T cells are expected to continue multiplying in the patient's body and target the cancer cells.
CAR T cells are specially engineered to combat cancer in individual patients. The procedure begins with the collection of immune T cells from the patient. An artificial gene is then inserted into these cells, providing them with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that enable the identification of specific molecules present on cancer cells. Once these CAR T cells are multiplied in the laboratory, they are reintroduced into the patient. Consequently, CAR T-cell therapy functions as both a gene therapy and an immunotherapy.
Current protocols use unfractioned T cells for CARs. The best T cell subtype for CARs is unclear. Identifying effective cytotoxic T cells is crucial.
When a CAR T-cell receptor attaches to a molecule on a cancer cell, it activates the T cell's mechanism for destruction. In contrast to conventional cancer treatments, CAR T-cell therapy is administered as a single treatment because these cells keep multiplying within the patient's body. As a result, the anticancer effects of CAR T cells can endure and even become stronger over time.
The most common targets for CAR-T cell therapy are CD19 and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA).
Zhang et al. 2022p Front Immunol. 13: 927153
CD19 is a protein found on the surface of B cells and is targeted in various B cell malignancies.
Zhang et al. 2022p Front Immunol. 13: 927153
BCMA is targeted in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Zhang et al. 2022p Front Immunol. 13: 927153
Tisagenlecleucel & B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)
Tisagenlecleucel & Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)
Tisagenlecleucel & Follicular Lymphoma
Axicabtagene ciloleucel & Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)
Axicabtagene ciloleucel & Large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL)
Axicabtagene ciloleucel & Mantle Cell Lymphomas
Axicabtagene Ciloleucel & Follicular Lymphoma
Brexucabtagene autoleucel & Mantle Cell Lymphomas
Brexucabtagene autoleucel & Large Cell Lymphoma / Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)
Lisocabtagene maraleucel & large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL)
Lisocabtagene maraleucel & DLBCL
Lisocabtagene maraleucel & Follicular Lymphoma
Lisocabtagene maraleucel & Mantle-cell Lymphoma (MCL)
Lisocabtagene maraleucel & Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Lisocabtagene maraleucel & Primary Mediastinal B-cell Lymphoma
Idecabtagene vicleucel & Multiple Myeloma (MM) / Plasmocytoma