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Gut microbiota / Evidence-based microbiome knowledge (incl. AI chat)
Prebiotics, Probiotics, FMT / Manipulators of the Intestinal Microbiota

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)

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Increased neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and abundant NET-associated proteins are frequently found in the inflamed colon of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Lai et al. 2023 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 29(5): 783-797

Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) activation is essential for generating Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and NET-mediated pathogenesis.
Lai et al. 2023 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 29(5): 783-797

The PAD4-mediated NET formation has a detrimental role in acute colitis
Lai et al. 2023 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 29(5): 783-7…

References (Sources)

Histones of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Directly Disrupt the Permeability and Integrity of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier
Lai et al. 2023 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 29(5): 783-797
Impaired neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation: a novel innate immune deﬁciency of human neonates
Yost et al. 2009 Blood 113: 64196427
Increased dietary manganese impairs neutrophil extracellular trap formation rendering neutrophils ineffective at combating Staphylococcus aureus
Monteith et al. 2022 Infect Immun 90: e0068521
Netting neutrophils induce endothelial damage, inﬁltrate tissues, and expose immunostimulatory molecules in systemic lupus erythematosus
Villanueva et al. 2011 J Immunol 187: 538-552
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) exacerbate severity of infant sepsis
Colón et al. 2019 Crit Care 23: 113
Neutrophil extracellular traps enhance macrophage killing of bacterial pathogens
Monteith et al. 2021 Sci Adv 7: eabj2101
Nuclease expression by Staphylococcus aureus facilitates escape from neutrophil extracellular traps
Berends et al. 2010 J Innate Immun 2: 576-586

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2/26/2026

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