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When Candidatus Savagella (Segmented filamentous bacteria/SFB) colonizes, it lowers the amount of CD152 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4)), an important regulatory molecule, on T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells in the body. This is linked to more severe arthritis in K/BxN mice. The drop in CTLA-4 is connected to higher glycolytic activity in Tfr cells, indicating a change in metabolism caused by SFB. This increase in glycolysis in Tfr cells due to SFB leads to…