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Indoxyl-3-sulfate / Indoxyl Sulfate (IS)
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Contents
Indoxyl sulfate is an L-tryptophan metabolite. The metabolism of L-tryptophan to indole occurs in a multi-stage process by Indole-Producing-Bacteria. Subsequent conversion of indole to indoxyl and, finally, the sulfation of indoxyl to indoxyl sulfate happens in the liver.
Indoxyl-3- sulfate and indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) belong to the family of indolic uremic toxins.
Indoxyl-3-sulfate (IS) causes chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression via its tubulotoxicity.
Serum IS levels are also positively correlated with inflammatory markers that contr…