Gut microbiota & Lifestyle / Lifestyle Changes

In the context of Gut microbiota & Lifestyle / Lifestyle Changes, Host–microbiota interactions are fundamental for the development of the immune system. However, drastic changes in modern environments and lifestyles have led to an imbalance in this evolutionarily ancient process. This imbalance coincides with a steep rise in immune-mediated diseases, such as autoimmune, allergic, and chronic inflammatory disorders (1). Physiological, lifestyle and dietary characteristics strongly associate with the composition of the gut microbiota (3)

Specifically, factors known to influence the gut microbiome associated with modern lifestyles include Sanitary improvements, increased cesarean sections, smaller family sizes, sedentary lifestyles, increased usage of antibiotics, and decreased use of Helicobacter pylori infections, and poorer diets (2). The lifestyle factors as characteristics of industrialization either pose obstacles to the transmission and spread of symbionts (e.g., cesarean sections, antibiotics) or lead to an undersupply of nutrients for the gut microbiota (e.g., bottle feeding, refined Western diets) (4,5).

As a Result of Recent Lifestyle Changes Occurring around the Planet, Whole Populations Are Seeing a Major Shift in Their Gut Microbiota (5). There is mounting evidence that industrialized lifestyles have rapidly changed the human gut microbiome (6, 7).

Investigations of the gut microbiome in non-industrialized and industrialized human populations, (9, 10, 11, 12) over lifestyle gradients, (13, 14, 15) and across generations of immigrants, (16) as well as the reconstruction of microbial genomes from paleofeces, (17) have consistently confirmed lifestyle-induced alterations of the gut microbiome

Microbiome Could Still Be Affected by Diet, Changes in Lifestyle, Disease and Disease Treatment (8)

References:

(1) Ruff et al. 2020a Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 18: 521-538
(2) Spor et al. 2011 Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 9: 279-290
(3) Vujkovic-Cvijin et al. 2020
(4) Sonnenburg & Sonnenburg 2019a
(5) Sonnenburg & Sonnenburg 2019 Science 366: eaaw9255
(6) Smits et al. 2017 Science 357: 802-806
(7) Groussin et al. 2021 Cell 184: 2053
(8) Roy & Trinchieri 2017
(9) Martínez et al. 2015 Cell Rep 11: 527-538
(10) Carter et al. 2023 Cell 186: 3111-3124
(11) Clemente et al. 2015 Sci Adv 1: e1500183
(12) Pasolli et al. 2019 Cell 176: 649-662
(13) Obregon-Tito et al. 2015 Nat Commun 6: 6505
(14) Jha et al. 2018 PLoS Biol 16: e2005396
(15) Ramaboli et al. 2024 Nat. Commun 15: 3379
(16) Vangay et al. 2018 Cell 175: 962-972
(17) Wibowo et al. 2021

see also:
Dysbiosis & Industrialisation
Gut microbiota & Influencing factors
Human microbiota / Human microbiome
Urbanization