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Gut microbiota / Evidence-based microbiome knowledge (incl. AI chat)
Prebiotics, Probiotics, FMT / Manipulators of the Intestinal Microbiota

AuthorsReferences (Sources)

AuthorsReferences (Sources)

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Metformin & Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)

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Contents

Background

Metformin is a primary medication for Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood. Initially, the liver was considered the main target of metformin. Recent findings indicate that the gut also plays a significant role in reducing glucose levels through new mechanisms. Knowledge of metformin's impact on both the gut and liver is essential for improving patient care and developing new treatments for T2D.
Wu et al. 2017 Nat Med 23: 850-8
Weersma et al. 2020 Gut 69: 1510-1519
Barroso et al. 2023 Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 44(7): 457

Metformin is linked to an increased presence of the mucin-degrading bacteriu…

References (Sources)

Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota.
Forslund et al. 2015 Nature 528: 262-266
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)
UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group 1998 Lancet 352(9131): 854-865
Effect of metformin on metabolic improvement and gut microbiota
Lee & Ko 2014 Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 80: 5935-5943
Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug.
Wu et al. 2017 Nat Med 23: 850-8
Metformin is associated with higher relative abundance of mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila and several short-chain fatty acid producing microbiota in the gut
de la Cuesta-Zuluaga et al. 2017 Diabetes Care 40: 54-62
Striking a gut–liver balance for the antidiabetic effects of metformin
Barroso et al. 2023 Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 44(7): 457
Review
Understanding the glucoregulatory mechanisms of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Foretz et al. 2019 Nat Rev Endocrinol 15: 569-589
Review

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Links

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/020357s037s039
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/variation-report/xigduo-h-c-2672-a31-1432-epar-assessment-report-article-31_en.pdf)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Diabetes_Association)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_College_of_Physicians)