Secondary bile salts / Secondary bile acids (SBAs)

Nearly all of the bile acid pool in the large intestine comprises secondary bile acids, with concentrations reaching up to 1,000 µM. These secondary bile acids enter the enterohepatic circulation, are conjugated with glycine or taurine, and are re-released into the intestine. Any remaining bile acids are excreted through the feces
Tang et al. 2019a Nat Rev Cardiol. 16(3): 137-154

The Secondary bile salts / Secondary bile acids (SBAs) become enriched in the enterohepatic and systemic circulation, and consequently can interact with bile salt receptors in the host
Schubert et al. 2017 Immunological Reviews 279: 23-35

Being biological detergents due to their amphipathic properties, the microbially generated secondary bile acids solubilize and digest high-fat diet
Garrett 2015 Science 348(6230): 80-86

The major secondary bile acids are deoxycholic acid (DCA) and murideoxycholic acid, which are the 7-dehydroxylation products of cholic acid and beta-muricholic acid (beta-MCA), respectively
Zhang et al. 2012a PLoS One 7: e34522

Secondary bile acids, such as deoxycholate (DCA) and lithocholate (LCA), have been shown to modulate epithelial barrier functions via binding to their receptors
Kayama & Takeda 2020

These secondary bile acids are also important immune modulators, influencing both infection and wound healing
Chen & Stappenbeck 2019

see also:
Bile acids / Bile salts
Bile salt hydrolases
Bile Acids / Bile Salts & Enterohepatic circulation
Biological effects / Functions & Secondary bile salts / Secondary bile acids (SBAs)
Gut microbiota & Secondary bile salts / Bile acids